A cord is a unit of volume measuring stacked firewood, equivalent to 128 cubic feet (3.62 cubic meters). The weight of this volume of wood, however, varies significantly depending on several factors. These factors include wood species, moisture content, and how tightly the wood is stacked. A tightly packed cord will naturally weigh more than a loosely packed one, even with the same wood species and moisture level. For instance, a cord of dense hardwood like hickory can weigh considerably more than a cord of lighter softwood like pine.
Understanding the weight of a given volume of firewood is crucial for both sellers and buyers. Fair pricing depends on accurate measurement, and weight offers a more precise method than simple volume, especially given the variability in stacking practices. Historically, firewood has served as a primary heating fuel, and its consistent measurement ensured fair trade. Today, knowing the expected weight can also aid in planning transportation and storage logistics. The ability to accurately estimate weight prevents overloading vehicles and ensures adequate structural support for storage.
This article will further explore the factors influencing firewood weight, offer estimated weight ranges for common wood species, and provide guidance on calculating the weight of a cord based on these variables. Additional topics will include the impact of seasoning on weight and practical tips for measuring and purchasing firewood.
1. Wood Species
Wood species is a primary determinant of firewood weight. Different species possess varying densities, directly impacting the weight of a cord. Understanding these density variations is crucial for accurate weight estimations and fair pricing.
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Density Variations
Wood density is determined by factors such as cell structure, growth rate, and chemical composition. Denser woods have more tightly packed cells and weigh more per unit volume. For example, hardwoods like oak and hickory are considerably denser than softwoods like pine and fir. This difference translates directly to the overall weight of a cord; a cord of oak will weigh significantly more than a cord of pine, even with identical moisture content and stacking.
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Common Species and their Density
Common firewood species can be broadly categorized by their density. High-density hardwoods include oak, hickory, maple, and ash. Medium-density species include cherry, elm, and beech. Softwoods like pine, fir, and spruce represent the lower end of the density spectrum. These classifications offer a practical framework for estimating cord weight based on species.
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Impact on Burning Characteristics
Density also affects burning characteristics. Denser woods typically burn longer and hotter, producing more heat per cord. While a cord of lighter wood might be easier to handle, it may not provide the same heat output as a denser species. This consideration is essential when choosing firewood for heating purposes.
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Practical Implications for Weight Estimation
In practice, knowing the species of firewood is essential for estimating its weight. A seller offering a “mixed hardwood” cord without specifying species makes accurate weight estimation difficult. Buyers should inquire about species composition to ensure a fair price based on expected weight and heat output. Using species-specific density charts can further refine weight estimates for greater accuracy.
Ultimately, understanding the relationship between wood species and density is fundamental for determining the weight of a cord. This knowledge empowers both buyers and sellers to make informed decisions based on accurate weight estimations, ensuring fair transactions and effective utilization of firewood for heating purposes. Accurately assessing species-specific densities provides a foundation for calculating the weight of a cord, thereby enhancing transparency and practicality within the firewood market.
2. Moisture Content
Moisture content significantly influences firewood weight. Water within wood cells adds considerable mass, directly affecting the overall weight of a cord. This relationship between moisture and weight has practical implications for both purchasing and burning firewood. Green, freshly cut wood contains substantially more water than seasoned wood. This difference can result in a significant weight discrepancy between cords of the same species and volume, with green wood often weighing considerably more. For example, a cord of freshly cut oak might weigh 4,500 pounds or more, while a seasoned cord of the same species could weigh closer to 3,000 pounds. This difference of 1,500 pounds illustrates the substantial impact of moisture content on weight. The burning efficiency of firewood is also heavily influenced by moisture. Green wood requires significant energy to evaporate the internal water, reducing the heat output available for warming. This lower efficiency translates to less heat per cord compared to seasoned wood. A cord of dry, seasoned firewood will provide more usable heat than a cord of green wood, even if the initial weight of the green wood is higher.
Measuring moisture content is essential for accurately assessing firewood weight and value. Moisture meters provide a reliable method for determining the percentage of water within the wood. Readings above 20% generally indicate green wood, while seasoned firewood typically measures below 20%. Understanding these measurements helps buyers determine a fair price based on actual wood content rather than just volume. Sellers benefit from accurate moisture readings as they can demonstrate the value of seasoned firewood through lower moisture percentages. Practical applications of this knowledge include adjusting firewood pricing, optimizing storage strategies for seasoning, and maximizing burning efficiency based on moisture content. For instance, stacking firewood in a well-ventilated area facilitates drying and reduces moisture content, resulting in a lighter, more efficient fuel source.
Moisture content is a critical factor affecting both the weight and value of firewood. Accurate assessment of moisture levels ensures fair pricing and informed purchasing decisions. The practical implications extend to efficient burning practices and optimized storage strategies. Utilizing tools like moisture meters and understanding the relationship between moisture, weight, and burning efficiency enables informed management of firewood resources, contributing to both economic and environmental sustainability.
3. Stacking Density
Stacking density plays a crucial role in determining the actual weight of a cord of wood. While a cord is a standardized unit of volume (128 cubic feet), the way wood is arranged within that space significantly impacts how much wood it actually contains. A tightly stacked cord will hold more wood and thus weigh more than a loosely stacked cord, even if both technically occupy the same volume.
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Tightly Stacked vs. Loosely Stacked
Tight stacking maximizes the amount of wood within the cord, minimizing air gaps between pieces. This results in a higher wood density per cubic foot and consequently a heavier cord. Loose stacking, with larger air pockets, reduces the amount of wood within the cord, leading to a lower overall weight. The difference in weight between a tightly and loosely stacked cord can be substantial, impacting both the value and the potential heat output.
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Uniformity of Pieces
Uniformly sized and shaped pieces of wood stack more tightly than irregularly shaped pieces. Split logs generally allow for tighter stacking than whole logs or large, uneven chunks. The more irregular the wood pieces, the more air gaps will exist within the cord, reducing the overall weight and wood volume within the defined space.
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Stacking Method and Tools
Different stacking methods can influence density. Methods like stacking wood in rows with alternating directions or using specialized stacking tools can increase density compared to simply piling wood haphazardly. The precision and care taken during stacking directly influence the amount of wood fitted within the cord.
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Practical Implications and Measurement Challenges
Stacking density presents a challenge for accurate measurement and fair pricing. Visually assessing the density of a stacked cord can be subjective. Variations in stacking practices can lead to discrepancies in the actual amount of wood received. Therefore, careful observation and potentially negotiation are necessary to ensure a fair transaction based on the true wood volume.
Ultimately, stacking density introduces a significant variable into the equation of determining a cord’s weight. While the standard cord volume remains constant, the weight can fluctuate considerably due to variations in stacking practices. Understanding this relationship empowers both buyers and sellers to assess the actual wood quantity within a cord, fostering transparency and fairness within firewood transactions. Careful consideration of stacking density ensures a more accurate representation of the fuelwood’s true value and potential heat output.
4. Cubic Feet Measurement
Cubic feet measurement forms the foundation of quantifying firewood volume, directly impacting weight estimations. A cord, defined as 128 cubic feet, represents a standardized volume for firewood sales. However, variations in stacking density and piece size complicate the relationship between cubic feet and actual wood quantity. While the nominal volume remains constant, the effective volumethe solid wood within the 128 cubic feetcan fluctuate significantly. This variation directly affects the weight and ultimately the energy content of a cord. For instance, a loosely stacked cord with substantial air gaps will contain less wood mass within the 128 cubic feet compared to a tightly packed cord. This difference in wood mass translates directly to a weight discrepancy, even though both are nominally a cord.
Accurate cubic feet measurement is crucial for fair pricing and efficient resource management. Deviations from the standard 128 cubic feet, whether intentional or due to inconsistent stacking, impact the value received. A cord containing less than 128 cubic feet of solid wood represents a reduced value compared to a full cord. Measuring the dimensions of a woodpilelength, width, and heighthelps verify the claimed volume. However, this method alone does not account for air gaps within the stack. Assessing stacking density, in conjunction with cubic feet measurement, provides a more accurate representation of the wood quantity. For example, a woodpile measuring 4 feet high, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet long equals 128 cubic feet. However, if loosely stacked, the actual wood content might be significantly less, perhaps equivalent to only 100 cubic feet of solid wood. This discrepancy underscores the importance of considering both volume and density.
Understanding the relationship between cubic feet measurement and stacking density provides a practical framework for evaluating firewood purchases. While the concept of a cord provides a standardized unit, variations in stacking practices necessitate careful assessment of the actual wood quantity within that volume. Combining accurate dimensional measurement with an evaluation of stacking tightness allows for a more precise estimation of the true wood volume and, consequently, a more accurate prediction of weight. This understanding ultimately facilitates informed decision-making, fair pricing, and efficient utilization of firewood resources.
5. Seasoning Impact
Seasoning, the process of drying firewood, significantly impacts its weight. Freshly cut, or “green,” wood contains a high percentage of moisture, contributing substantially to its overall weight. As wood dries, this moisture evaporates, reducing the weight per cord. Understanding the relationship between seasoning and weight is crucial for accurate weight estimation and efficient fuel utilization. This section explores the impact of seasoning on firewood weight, emphasizing the relationship between moisture content, drying time, and the resulting changes in weight.
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Moisture Loss and Weight Reduction
The primary effect of seasoning is moisture loss. As wood dries, the water within its cells evaporates, leading to a direct reduction in weight. This weight loss can be substantial, with seasoned wood often weighing significantly less than green wood of the same species and volume. The extent of weight reduction depends on the initial moisture content and the duration of the seasoning process.
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Drying Time and Environmental Factors
The time required for effective seasoning varies depending on several factors, including wood species, climate, and storage methods. Denser hardwoods typically require longer drying times compared to less dense softwoods. Warm, dry climates accelerate the drying process, while humid or cold conditions can prolong it. Proper stacking and storage practices, such as ensuring adequate air circulation, are crucial for efficient seasoning.
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Burning Efficiency and Heat Output
Seasoning not only reduces weight but also improves burning efficiency. Dry wood ignites more readily and burns hotter and cleaner than green wood. The energy required to evaporate moisture in green wood reduces the heat output available for warming. Seasoned wood, with its lower moisture content, delivers more usable heat per cord, enhancing its overall value as a fuel source.
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Practical Implications for Measurement and Pricing
The weight difference between seasoned and green wood has significant implications for both measurement and pricing. Purchasing green wood by weight can be misleading, as a substantial portion of that weight is water. Seasoned wood, although lighter, provides more efficient heat. Therefore, assessing both weight and moisture content provides a more comprehensive understanding of a cord’s true value. Utilizing a moisture meter can help determine the dryness of firewood and ensure a fair price based on usable fuel content.
Seasoning significantly influences firewood weight and value. The reduction in weight due to moisture loss translates to increased burning efficiency and higher heat output per cord. Understanding the impact of seasoning, coupled with accurate moisture measurement, empowers informed decision-making for both firewood buyers and sellers. Considering the interplay between seasoning, weight, and burning efficiency contributes to efficient resource utilization and cost-effective heating practices.
6. Average Weight Ranges
Average weight ranges provide a practical framework for estimating cord weight, acknowledging the inherent variability influenced by species, moisture content, and stacking density. While a cord consistently represents 128 cubic feet, its weight fluctuates significantly. These ranges offer a starting point for estimating weight based on common wood types, recognizing that these are approximations and individual cords can deviate. For instance, a cord of seasoned hickory might average between 4,000 and 5,000 pounds, while a cord of seasoned pine typically falls within 2,000 to 3,000 pounds. These ranges reflect the impact of species density on overall weight. However, even within a species, moisture content introduces further variability. A cord of green oak might weigh substantially more than a seasoned cord of the same species due to the added water weight. Understanding these ranges allows for preliminary weight estimations, enabling more informed comparisons and purchasing decisions. However, relying solely on averages neglects the specific characteristics of individual cords, emphasizing the need for further assessment beyond these generalized ranges.
The practical application of average weight ranges lies in providing a benchmark for evaluating firewood offers. Consider a scenario where a seller offers a cord of “mixed hardwood” for a specific price. Knowing the average weight ranges for common hardwoods in the region enables a preliminary assessment of the offer’s fairness. If the quoted price significantly deviates from the expected weight range, further inquiry regarding species composition and moisture content is warranted. This knowledge empowers buyers to avoid potentially overpriced or under-delivered firewood. Conversely, sellers benefit from understanding these ranges to set competitive prices reflecting the actual value of their product based on species and moisture content. These ranges also play a role in logistical planning, as anticipated weight informs transportation and storage considerations. For instance, knowing the expected weight range allows for proper vehicle selection and load planning, preventing overloading and ensuring safe transportation. Similarly, storage structures must be designed to support the potential weight of seasoned or green firewood.
While average weight ranges provide a useful initial estimate, they represent a simplification of a complex relationship between species, moisture, density, and weight. Accurate weight determination requires consideration of all contributing factors. Relying solely on averages can be misleading, especially when dealing with mixed species or varying moisture levels. Therefore, these ranges should serve as a starting point for further investigation, prompting more specific inquiries and measurements to ascertain a cord’s true weight. This comprehensive approach, combining general ranges with specific assessments, promotes transparency and fairness within firewood transactions, ensuring both buyers and sellers receive appropriate value based on the actual wood content and its associated weight and energy potential.
7. Species Density Variations
Species density variations play a fundamental role in determining the weight of a cord of wood. Density, referring to the mass per unit volume, varies significantly between tree species due to differences in cell structure, growth rate, and chemical composition. This inherent variability directly impacts the weight of a cord, even when the volume remains constant at 128 cubic feet. Understanding these density variations is essential for accurate weight estimations and informed firewood purchasing decisions.
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Intrinsic Density Differences
Wood density is an intrinsic property of each species, influenced by factors such as cell wall thickness, fiber length, and the presence of extractives. Hardwoods, characterized by slower growth and denser cell structures, typically exhibit higher densities than softwoods. For example, hickory, a dense hardwood, can have a density exceeding 50 pounds per cubic foot, while pine, a softwood, might have a density closer to 30 pounds per cubic foot. This inherent difference translates directly to a significant weight disparity between a cord of hickory and a cord of pine.
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Impact on Cord Weight
The direct relationship between species density and cord weight is readily apparent. A cord comprising denser species will invariably weigh more than a cord of less dense species, assuming comparable moisture content and stacking density. This principle underlies the need for species-specific weight estimations. Relying solely on the standard cord volume without considering species density can lead to significant inaccuracies in weight calculations and potentially unfair pricing.
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Practical Implications for Firewood Selection
Understanding species density variations is crucial for selecting firewood appropriate for specific heating needs. Denser woods, while heavier, generally burn longer and produce more heat per cord. Less dense woods, though easier to handle, might require more frequent replenishment to maintain desired temperatures. Considering both density and heating value informs optimal firewood selection based on individual requirements and preferences.
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Mixed Hardwood Cords and Density Considerations
When purchasing “mixed hardwood” cords, density variations become even more critical. A mixture of high-density and low-density species can result in an average density that does not accurately reflect the potential heat output. Inquiring about the specific species composition of mixed cords provides a more informed basis for assessing their value and potential burning characteristics. This knowledge empowers buyers to make more informed decisions based on the anticipated weight and heat output of the mixed hardwood cord.
Species density variations are inextricably linked to the weight of a cord of wood. Recognizing these inherent differences between species is fundamental for accurate weight estimations and informed firewood purchasing decisions. Considering species density alongside other factors like moisture content and stacking density enables a comprehensive understanding of a cord’s true weight and potential fuel value. This knowledge empowers both buyers and sellers to engage in fair transactions and optimize firewood utilization for efficient heating.
8. Measurement Accuracy
Measurement accuracy is paramount for determining the true weight of a cord of wood. While a cord is nominally 128 cubic feet, variations in stacking practices and piece size can significantly impact the actual quantity of wood within that space. Inaccurate measurements, whether due to imprecise methods or deliberate misrepresentation, can lead to discrepancies between the assumed and actual weight, affecting both the financial and practical aspects of firewood transactions. For instance, a cord loosely stacked might contain significantly less than 128 cubic feet of solid wood, resulting in a lower weight and potentially reduced heat output compared to a tightly stacked cord. Similarly, inconsistencies in measuring the length, width, and height of the woodpile can lead to inaccurate volume calculations, further compounding weight discrepancies. Accurate measurement, therefore, serves as the foundation for a fair and transparent exchange of firewood, ensuring both buyers and sellers receive appropriate value based on the true quantity of wood.
Several factors influence measurement accuracy. The tools used, such as tape measures or rulers, must be properly calibrated and utilized. Measurements should be taken at multiple points along the woodpile to account for variations in stacking density and piece size. Furthermore, the method employed for stackingwhether tightly packed rows or a looser arrangementinfluences the actual wood content within the measured volume. Visual estimations of stacking density can be subjective, highlighting the importance of careful observation and potentially negotiation between buyer and seller. Practical applications of accurate measurement extend beyond simply determining weight. Accurate assessment of wood quantity informs decisions regarding transportation logistics, storage capacity, and predicted burn time. Overestimations can lead to overloaded vehicles or inadequate storage space, while underestimations can result in insufficient fuel for anticipated heating needs.
Accurate measurement is integral to determining the true weight and value of a cord of wood. It provides a framework for fair pricing, efficient resource management, and informed decision-making. Addressing the challenges posed by stacking variations and measurement inconsistencies through meticulous practices and open communication between buyers and sellers promotes transparency within the firewood market. This emphasis on accuracy ensures that the nominal volume of a cord translates to a reliable representation of the actual wood quantity and, consequently, its weight and potential energy content.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding firewood weight, clarifying potential misconceptions and providing practical guidance for both buyers and sellers.
Question 1: Why does the weight of a cord of wood vary so much?
Cord weight varies due to several interconnected factors: wood species (density), moisture content, and stacking density. Denser woods like oak weigh more than lighter woods like pine. Green wood contains more water, increasing its weight compared to seasoned wood. Tightly stacked cords contain more wood than loosely stacked cords, even within the same volume.
Question 2: How does seasoning affect firewood weight?
Seasoning reduces moisture content, significantly decreasing weight. Green wood can weigh substantially more than seasoned wood due to the presence of water within the wood cells. As the wood dries, this water evaporates, resulting in a lighter cord.
Question 3: Is it better to buy firewood by weight or volume?
While a cord represents a standard volume (128 cubic feet), buying solely by volume can be misleading due to variations in stacking density. Weight offers a more accurate measure of the wood quantity, but moisture content must also be considered. Ideally, both weight and moisture content should be assessed for a fair transaction. A moisture meter can provide valuable information regarding the dryness of the wood, influencing its weight and burning efficiency.
Question 4: How can I estimate the weight of a cord of wood?
Estimating cord weight requires considering species, moisture content, and stacking. Species-specific density charts offer a starting point. Moisture meters measure water content, and careful observation of stacking density helps assess the wood quantity within the cord. Online resources and experienced firewood suppliers can also provide weight estimates based on local conditions and common species.
Question 5: Does a heavier cord of wood always mean better value?
Not necessarily. A heavy cord of green wood might contain a substantial amount of water, reducing its burning efficiency. A lighter cord of seasoned wood, while weighing less, can provide more heat due to its lower moisture content. Value is determined by the usable fuel content, not solely by weight. Therefore, both weight and moisture content are crucial factors for assessing value.
Question 6: What are the practical implications of knowing the weight of a cord of wood?
Knowing the weight informs logistical planning, such as selecting appropriate transportation, ensuring adequate storage support, and anticipating the required quantity for heating needs. Accurate weight estimation also enables fair pricing and prevents overloading vehicles. Additionally, understanding the relationship between weight, species, and moisture content empowers informed decision-making for both buyers and sellers.
Accurately assessing firewood weight necessitates understanding the interplay of species, moisture content, and stacking density. These factors influence both the price and the potential heat output. Informed consumers consider all these elements when purchasing firewood.
The next section will offer practical tips for measuring, purchasing, and storing firewood to maximize its value and efficiency.
Practical Tips for Firewood Measurement and Purchasing
Informed firewood acquisition requires careful consideration of several factors. These tips offer practical guidance for ensuring fair transactions and maximizing firewood value based on accurate weight assessment.
Tip 1: Species Verification: Confirm the wood species before purchasing. Different species have varying densities, directly impacting weight and heat output. Request clarification if a seller offers a “mixed hardwood” cord without specifying the species composition. This knowledge allows for more accurate weight estimations and ensures alignment with heating preferences.
Tip 2: Moisture Assessment: Utilize a moisture meter to measure the water content of the firewood. Seasoned firewood typically contains less than 20% moisture. Higher readings indicate green wood, which weighs more but burns less efficiently. Moisture assessment ensures accurate weight-based pricing and optimal burning performance.
Tip 3: Stacking Density Evaluation: Carefully observe the stacking arrangement. Tightly stacked cords hold more wood than loosely stacked cords, even within the same volume. Look for minimal air gaps between pieces. If possible, compare the stacking density to known examples or photographs of properly stacked cords.
Tip 4: Dimensional Measurement Verification: Verify the dimensions of the woodpile. A standard cord measures 4 feet high, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet long (128 cubic feet). Discrepancies in dimensions directly impact the total volume and, consequently, the weight. Accurate measurements are essential for confirming the advertised cord volume.
Tip 5: Seller Reputation and References: Consider the seller’s reputation and seek references if possible. Established and reputable suppliers are more likely to adhere to standard measurement practices and provide accurate information regarding species and moisture content. Due diligence mitigates the risk of purchasing inaccurately measured or misrepresented firewood.
Tip 6: Written Agreements and Documentation: Obtain a written agreement specifying the wood species, moisture content (if seasoned), and total cord volume. This documentation protects both buyer and seller and provides a clear reference point in case of discrepancies. Clear documentation fosters transparency and accountability.
Tip 7: Storage Considerations for Seasoning: If purchasing green wood, plan for proper storage to facilitate seasoning. Stack wood in a well-ventilated area, allowing for air circulation around the pieces. Elevated stacks and covered tops prevent ground moisture absorption and protect against precipitation. Proper storage accelerates drying, reducing weight and enhancing burning efficiency.
By implementing these practical tips, firewood purchasers can ensure accurate weight assessment, fair pricing, and optimal fuel efficiency. These proactive measures facilitate informed decision-making and maximize the value derived from firewood resources.
The following conclusion synthesizes the key factors influencing firewood weight and reinforces the importance of accurate measurement for informed firewood transactions.
Conclusion
Firewood weight is a complex issue influenced by a confluence of factors. Wood species, with inherent density variations, plays a foundational role. Moisture content significantly alters weight, with seasoned wood offering a lighter, more efficient fuel source compared to green wood. Stacking density introduces further variability, impacting the actual wood quantity within the standard cord volume. Accurate cubic foot measurement, while essential, must be coupled with density assessment to provide a reliable weight estimate. Seasoning’s impact on moisture reduction underscores the dynamic nature of firewood weight. Average weight ranges offer preliminary guidance, but species-specific density variations necessitate further investigation. Accurate measurement practices, employing appropriate tools and methods, form the cornerstone of fair firewood transactions.
Accurate weight determination empowers informed decision-making for both firewood buyers and sellers. Understanding the interplay of these factors promotes transparency and fairness within the firewood market. By considering species, moisture content, stacking density, and employing precise measurement techniques, consumers and suppliers can ensure equitable transactions and maximize the value and efficiency of this essential fuel resource.
