Leaving the scene of an accident, especially one involving injuries or property damage, carries significant legal and financial repercussions. The penalties vary widely based on the severity of the incident, encompassing fines, license suspension, vehicle impoundment, and even jail time. For example, a minor collision with only property damage may result in lighter penalties than a crash involving serious injuries or fatalities. The specific amount of the fines and the length of other penalties are determined by the jurisdiction where the incident occurred and the specific details of the case.
Understanding the potential consequences of such actions is crucial for promoting responsible driving behavior and ensuring accountability for damages and injuries. Historically, laws addressing leaving the scene of an accident have evolved to reflect societal values regarding responsibility and public safety. These laws underscore the importance of remaining at the scene to provide aid, exchange information, and cooperate with law enforcement. This not only helps ensure that those injured receive timely medical attention but also facilitates a thorough investigation of the incident.
The following sections delve into the specific factors that influence the penalties for leaving the scene of an accident, including the legal framework in various jurisdictions, the role of insurance, and the process for contesting such charges. Additionally, we will examine the long-term implications of a hit-and-run conviction on driving records and future insurance premiums.
1. Severity of the Incident
Incident severity plays a crucial role in determining penalties for leaving the scene of an accident. This factor encompasses the extent of property damage and the degree of any personal injuries. A minor collision resulting in scraped paint, for example, will typically carry far lighter consequences than a crash involving serious injuries or fatalities. The difference in potential outcomes stems from the legal principle of holding individuals accountable in proportion to the harm they cause. This ensures that justice is served and that those whose actions result in greater harm face more severe penalties. For instance, a driver who flees the scene of a fender-bender might face a misdemeanor charge and a few hundred dollars in fines, while a driver who leaves the scene of an accident resulting in someone’s death could face felony charges, substantial fines, and a lengthy prison sentence.
The link between severity and penalties also incentivizes responsible behavior. Knowing that more severe consequences follow more serious incidents encourages drivers to remain at the scene, provide aid if necessary, and cooperate with law enforcement. This, in turn, facilitates a more thorough investigation and ensures that injured parties receive timely medical attention. Furthermore, a clear correlation between severity and penalties allows for a more nuanced approach to justice, acknowledging the varying degrees of culpability in these situations. For example, if a driver panics after a minor collision and leaves the scene but later reports the incident, the penalties may be less severe than if the driver had fled after causing significant injuries and made no attempt to report the incident.
In summary, the severity of the incident serves as a cornerstone in determining the appropriate legal response to a hit-and-run. This approach not only aligns with principles of proportionate justice but also promotes responsible driving behavior and aids in the effective investigation and resolution of such incidents. The evaluation of severity ensures that the legal system can adequately address the wide spectrum of hit-and-run scenarios, from minor property damage to tragic loss of life.
2. State Laws
State laws play a pivotal role in determining the penalties for leaving the scene of an accident. Each state has its own legal framework defining hit-and-run offenses, specifying the degrees of these offenses based on factors like property damage and personal injury, and outlining the associated penalties. This legal variation means that the consequences for a hit and run can differ significantly depending on where the incident occurs.
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Classification of Offenses
States typically classify hit-and-run offenses as either misdemeanors or felonies, with the classification depending on the severity of the incident. A misdemeanor hit-and-run, often involving minor property damage and no injuries, may result in fines, license suspension, and community service. Felony hit-and-run, typically involving serious injuries or fatalities, can lead to substantial prison sentences, hefty fines, and permanent license revocation. For example, California Vehicle Code 20001(a) deals with property damage, while 20001(b) addresses injury or death, reflecting this tiered approach.
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Mandatory Reporting Requirements
Many states have mandatory reporting requirements for accidents, regardless of fault. These laws stipulate that drivers involved in accidents exceeding a certain threshold of property damage or involving any personal injury must report the incident to law enforcement. Failure to comply with these reporting requirements, even without intent to flee the scene, can result in penalties similar to those for hit-and-run offenses. For instance, in Florida, failure to report an accident involving injuries or death is a first-degree misdemeanor.
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Sentencing Guidelines and Judicial Discretion
State laws provide sentencing guidelines for hit-and-run offenses, offering a framework for judges to determine appropriate penalties. However, judges often have some degree of discretion within these guidelines, allowing them to consider mitigating or aggravating factors specific to each case. This judicial discretion ensures that the punishment fits the circumstances, taking into account factors such as the driver’s prior record, the level of remorse shown, and the specific details of the incident. A first-time offender with a clean record who left the scene due to panic might receive a lighter sentence than a repeat offender who fled to avoid apprehension.
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Restitution and Victim Compensation Funds
State laws often include provisions for restitution to victims of hit-and-run accidents. Restitution requires the offender to compensate the victim for expenses incurred as a result of the incident, including medical bills, property damage repairs, and lost wages. Some states also maintain victim compensation funds that can provide financial assistance to victims when the offender cannot be identified or is unable to pay restitution. These provisions ensure that victims have avenues for seeking financial redress for their losses.
The interplay of these factors creates a complex legal landscape regarding hit-and-run offenses. Understanding these state-specific variations is crucial for appreciating the potential legal and financial consequences of leaving the scene of an accident. The lack of uniformity across state lines underscores the need to research local laws and seek legal counsel if involved in such an incident.
3. Property Damage
Property damage resulting from a hit-and-run incident significantly influences the determination of penalties. The extent of damage directly correlates with the severity of the offense, affecting fines, potential jail time, and other consequences. Examining the various facets of property damage provides a clearer understanding of its impact on legal outcomes.
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Extent of Damage
The monetary value of the damage plays a critical role. Minor damage, such as a broken taillight or scraped bumper, typically results in lower penalties compared to extensive damage requiring significant repairs or vehicle replacement. For instance, a few hundred dollars in damage might lead to a misdemeanor charge, while damage exceeding several thousand dollars could elevate the offense to a felony. This tiered approach reflects the principle of proportionality in assigning penalties.
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Type of Property Damaged
The type of property damaged also influences the legal consequences. Damage to public property, such as a traffic signal or guardrail, may carry heavier penalties than damage to private property like a parked car. This distinction recognizes the broader impact on public safety and resources when public infrastructure is damaged. Furthermore, damage to certain types of private property, such as a mailbox or fence, might be viewed differently than damage to a vehicle.
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Evidence and Documentation
Thorough documentation of the property damage is crucial in legal proceedings. Clear photographs, repair estimates, and witness testimonies strengthen the case and help determine the accurate value of the damage. Lack of proper documentation can complicate the assessment process and potentially lead to reduced penalties for the offender. This emphasizes the importance of meticulous record-keeping following a hit-and-run incident.
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Restitution Requirements
In addition to fines and other penalties, offenders are often required to pay restitution to the victim for property damage. Restitution aims to compensate the victim for the financial burden of repairs or replacement. The amount of restitution is directly linked to the documented cost of the property damage. Inability or refusal to pay restitution can lead to further legal consequences, including wage garnishment or additional fines.
These interconnected factors underscore the significance of property damage in determining the overall cost of a hit-and-run incident. The financial burden extends beyond immediate fines to encompass repair costs, increased insurance premiums, and potential legal fees. Understanding these potential ramifications highlights the importance of responsible driving practices and the severe consequences of leaving the scene of an accident involving property damage.
4. Personal Injuries
Personal injuries sustained in a hit-and-run incident dramatically escalate the severity of the offense and the ensuing penalties. The presence of injuries shifts the focus from property damage to human well-being, triggering a more stringent legal response. The consequences for a hit-and-run resulting in personal injury can range from significantly increased fines and extended jail sentences to permanent license revocation. This heightened severity reflects the legal system’s prioritization of protecting human life and holding individuals accountable for actions that cause harm to others. For instance, a hit-and-run resulting in minor injuries might lead to felony charges and several years in prison, while a hit-and-run resulting in a fatality could lead to decades of incarceration.
The specific types and severity of injuries directly impact the legal and financial ramifications. Minor injuries, like bruises or lacerations, while still serious, generally carry less severe penalties than major injuries, such as broken bones, internal bleeding, or traumatic brain injuries. The long-term consequences of these injuries, including ongoing medical care, rehabilitation, and lost wages, also factor into the determination of restitution and other financial penalties. For example, a victim requiring extensive physical therapy and suffering permanent disability as a result of a hit-and-run could receive substantial restitution payments to cover these ongoing costs. The assessment of injuries often involves medical professionals who provide expert testimony regarding the extent and prognosis of the injuries, ensuring a fair and accurate evaluation of the harm caused.
The link between personal injuries and penalties for hit-and-run underscores the importance of remaining at the scene to provide aid and cooperate with authorities. Failing to do so not only exacerbates the legal consequences but also demonstrates a disregard for the well-being of others. This disregard contributes to the severity of the charges and can influence judicial decisions regarding sentencing. Furthermore, the presence of personal injuries adds another layer of complexity to the legal process, often involving civil lawsuits filed by victims seeking compensation for their damages. Navigating these legal complexities requires specialized legal expertise, further emphasizing the seriousness of hit-and-run incidents involving personal injury.
5. Prior Convictions
Prior convictions for traffic violations, especially those involving hit-and-run or similar offenses, significantly impact the penalties imposed in subsequent incidents. A previous record of such behavior demonstrates a pattern of disregard for traffic laws and public safety, leading to harsher consequences. This enhanced severity serves as a deterrent, aiming to discourage repeat offenses and hold individuals accountable for their driving history. The legal system views prior convictions as an indicator of increased risk, justifying more stringent penalties to protect the public. For example, a first-time offender charged with a misdemeanor hit-and-run might receive probation and a fine, while a repeat offender with prior hit-and-run convictions could face a felony charge and a substantial prison sentence, even for a similar incident.
The influence of prior convictions extends beyond simply increasing fines or jail time. It can also affect eligibility for alternative sentencing programs, such as diversion programs or community service, and can lead to longer license suspensions or revocations. Furthermore, prior convictions can trigger mandatory minimum sentencing requirements in some jurisdictions, limiting judicial discretion in determining appropriate penalties. For instance, a state might mandate a minimum one-year prison sentence for a hit-and-run involving injury if the driver has a prior hit-and-run conviction within the past five years. This mandatory sentencing removes the judge’s ability to impose a lesser sentence, even if mitigating circumstances exist.
Understanding the implications of prior convictions is crucial for appreciating the full scope of legal and financial consequences associated with hit-and-run offenses. This awareness underscores the importance of responsible driving behavior and the long-term impact of traffic violations on an individual’s driving record. The cumulative effect of prior convictions significantly increases the “cost” of a hit-and-run, not only in terms of immediate penalties but also in terms of future opportunities and potential legal vulnerabilities.
6. Legal Representation
Securing competent legal representation plays a crucial role in navigating the complexities of hit-and-run cases and can significantly influence the overall cost, both financially and in terms of potential penalties. Legal counsel provides essential guidance and advocacy throughout the legal process, from initial investigation and plea bargaining to trial and potential appeals. The presence of a skilled attorney can significantly impact the outcome of a case, potentially mitigating penalties, negotiating favorable plea deals, or ensuring a fair trial.
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Negotiating Plea Bargains
Experienced legal counsel can negotiate with prosecutors to reduce charges or penalties. This negotiation process often involves presenting mitigating circumstances, highlighting flaws in the prosecution’s case, and exploring alternative sentencing options. A successful plea bargain can significantly reduce fines, minimize jail time, or even lead to the dismissal of certain charges. For instance, an attorney might negotiate a plea agreement that reduces a felony hit-and-run charge to a misdemeanor, resulting in a significantly less severe penalty.
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Challenging Evidence
Legal representation ensures that any evidence presented against the accused is admissible and obtained legally. Attorneys can challenge the validity of evidence, cross-examine witnesses, and present counter-arguments to weaken the prosecution’s case. Successfully challenging evidence can lead to reduced charges or even acquittal. For example, an attorney might challenge the accuracy of eyewitness testimony or the reliability of forensic evidence, creating reasonable doubt and potentially leading to a more favorable outcome.
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Protecting Rights
Legal representation safeguards the accused’s constitutional rights throughout the legal process. This includes the right to remain silent, the right to a fair trial, and the right to legal counsel. Attorneys ensure that these rights are not violated and that the accused is treated fairly under the law. For instance, an attorney can advise the accused on when to exercise their right to remain silent to avoid self-incrimination and can ensure that any questioning by law enforcement adheres to legal protocols.
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Mitigating Factors
A skilled attorney can present mitigating factors to the court to lessen the severity of the penalties. These factors might include the accused’s lack of prior criminal record, remorse for the incident, cooperation with the investigation, or any extenuating circumstances that contributed to the decision to leave the scene. Effectively presenting these factors can persuade the judge to impose a lighter sentence. For example, an attorney might argue that the accused left the scene due to panic and fear, rather than malice, and that the accused subsequently reported the incident and cooperated fully with authorities.
While legal representation involves upfront costs, it can ultimately reduce the overall financial and legal burden associated with a hit-and-run charge. The potential for reduced penalties, mitigated sentences, and avoided legal pitfalls often outweighs the initial investment in legal counsel. In the complex landscape of hit-and-run cases, skilled legal representation is not just advisable; it is often essential for achieving the best possible outcome.
7. Court Fees
Court fees represent a substantial component of the overall cost associated with hit-and-run incidents. These fees, distinct from fines or restitution, cover administrative costs associated with processing the case through the legal system. They vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific nature of the charges but can add hundreds or even thousands of dollars to the total financial burden. This financial impact underscores the importance of understanding court fees as a key element when considering the full cost of a hit-and-run incident. For instance, a misdemeanor hit-and-run case might involve court fees for filing the complaint, processing evidence, and conducting hearings. These fees can accumulate quickly, even in seemingly straightforward cases.
Several factors influence the specific court fees assessed in a hit-and-run case. The severity of the charges, the complexity of the case, and the specific court procedures required all contribute to the final amount. More severe charges, such as felony hit-and-run, typically involve higher court fees due to the increased complexity of the legal proceedings. Cases requiring extensive investigation, expert witness testimony, or multiple court appearances also incur higher fees. Administrative costs associated with maintaining court records, providing court personnel, and operating the court facilities all contribute to these fees. For example, a hit-and-run case involving a fatality might require accident reconstruction experts, medical examiners, and extensive investigation, leading to significantly higher court fees compared to a simple property damage case.
Failing to account for court fees can lead to an underestimation of the true financial consequences of a hit-and-run incident. These fees, combined with fines, restitution, legal representation costs, and increased insurance premiums, can create a significant financial burden. Understanding the potential range of court fees allows individuals to make informed decisions about legal representation, plea bargains, and other legal strategies. Moreover, it highlights the importance of responsible driving practices and the far-reaching consequences of leaving the scene of an accident. The inclusion of court fees in the overall cost calculation provides a more realistic picture of the financial ramifications and reinforces the importance of adhering to traffic laws and remaining at the scene to fulfill legal and ethical obligations.
8. Restitution Costs
Restitution costs represent a significant component of the financial penalties associated with hit-and-run incidents. Distinct from court fees and fines, restitution aims to compensate victims directly for financial losses incurred due to the incident. Understanding restitution is crucial for grasping the full financial impact of a hit-and-run conviction, as it often constitutes a substantial portion of the overall cost.
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Property Damage Restitution
This category covers the cost of repairing or replacing property damaged in the incident. It includes vehicle repairs, replacement of damaged items like fences or mailboxes, and compensation for lost property. For example, if a driver hits a parked car and flees, restitution might include the cost of repairing the damaged vehicle, a rental car while the victim’s car is being repaired, and any diminished value of the vehicle due to the accident. Receipts, repair estimates, and appraisals often serve as evidence to determine the appropriate restitution amount.
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Medical Expense Restitution
When a hit-and-run incident results in personal injuries, restitution covers the victim’s medical expenses. This includes costs for emergency medical services, hospital stays, doctor visits, physical therapy, rehabilitation, and any ongoing medical care required due to the injuries. For example, if a pedestrian is struck and the driver flees, restitution might include ambulance fees, hospital bills, surgical costs, physical therapy sessions, and long-term care expenses. Medical records and bills serve as documentation for calculating medical expense restitution.
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Lost Wage Restitution
Victims unable to work due to injuries sustained in a hit-and-run can receive restitution for lost wages. This compensation covers the income lost during the recovery period. For example, if a cyclist is injured and forced to miss work for several weeks, restitution might include the wages lost during that period. Pay stubs, employment verification, and medical documentation demonstrating the inability to work serve as evidence for calculating lost wage restitution.
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Other Losses
Restitution can also encompass other financial losses incurred by the victim, such as childcare expenses if the victim is unable to care for their children due to injuries, transportation costs associated with medical appointments, and other out-of-pocket expenses directly related to the incident. For example, a victim requiring specialized transportation to medical appointments due to injuries sustained in a hit-and-run could receive restitution for these additional transportation costs. Documentation and receipts for these expenses are essential for justifying their inclusion in the restitution amount.
Restitution costs, often substantial, significantly impact the overall financial consequences of a hit-and-run conviction. These costs, in conjunction with fines, court fees, and increased insurance premiums, underscore the serious financial ramifications of leaving the scene of an accident. Furthermore, the obligation to pay restitution serves as an important mechanism for holding offenders accountable for the harm they cause to victims. The calculation of restitution considers the tangible financial losses suffered by victims, aiming to provide a measure of financial recovery and justice.
9. Increased Insurance
Insurance premiums often rise significantly following a hit-and-run conviction. This increase reflects the heightened risk perceived by insurance companies due to the driver’s demonstrated disregard for legal and financial responsibilities. Understanding the connection between increased insurance premiums and hit-and-run incidents is crucial for appreciating the full financial ramifications of such actions. The long-term financial impact of increased premiums can far exceed the immediate costs of fines and other penalties, making it a significant factor in the overall cost of a hit-and-run.
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Risk Assessment and Premium Adjustments
Insurance companies use risk assessment models to determine premiums. A hit-and-run conviction signals increased risk, leading to higher premiums. The severity of the incident, including property damage and injuries, influences the degree of premium increase. For example, a hit-and-run involving serious injuries could lead to a substantially higher premium increase compared to one involving only minor property damage. This reflects the insurer’s assessment of the likelihood of future claims based on past behavior.
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SR-22 Filings and High-Risk Insurance
Following a hit-and-run conviction, many states require drivers to file an SR-22 form with their insurance company. This form certifies that the driver maintains the required minimum insurance coverage. SR-22 filings often lead to higher premiums, as they signal a high-risk driver. The requirement to maintain an SR-22 filing typically lasts for several years, adding a long-term financial burden in the form of increased premiums. This requirement ensures that high-risk drivers maintain adequate coverage to protect potential victims in future incidents.
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Difficulty Finding Affordable Insurance
A hit-and-run conviction can make it difficult to find affordable insurance. Some insurance companies may refuse to cover drivers with hit-and-run convictions, while others will offer coverage only at significantly higher rates. This limited availability of affordable insurance options can force drivers to seek coverage from high-risk insurance providers, often at substantially increased premiums. This difficulty underscores the long-term impact of a hit-and-run conviction on insurability and access to affordable coverage.
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Long-Term Financial Impact
The increased insurance premiums following a hit-and-run conviction can persist for several years, resulting in a substantial cumulative financial burden. Even after the SR-22 requirement expires, insurance companies may continue to consider the conviction when setting premiums. This long-term financial impact can significantly affect a driver’s budget and financial stability. For example, a driver paying an additional $100 per month in insurance premiums due to a hit-and-run conviction will incur an additional $3,600 over three years. This cumulative cost underscores the importance of considering long-term insurance implications when assessing the true cost of a hit-and-run.
The increase in insurance premiums after a hit-and-run incident significantly contributes to the overall cost. This financial burden extends far beyond the initial fines and penalties, potentially impacting a driver’s financial stability for years to come. This long-term financial consequence reinforces the seriousness of hit-and-run incidents and emphasizes the importance of responsible driving practices and adherence to traffic laws. Considering the potential impact on insurance premiums provides a more comprehensive understanding of the true cost of leaving the scene of an accident.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common questions regarding the penalties and consequences associated with hit-and-run incidents. Understanding these FAQs can provide valuable insights into the legal and financial ramifications of leaving the scene of an accident.
Question 1: What constitutes a hit-and-run offense?
A hit-and-run offense typically involves leaving the scene of an accident without providing required information or assistance. This includes failing to identify oneself, provide insurance information, or render aid to injured parties. Specific legal definitions vary by jurisdiction.
Question 2: Are penalties for hit-and-run the same in every state?
Penalties differ significantly among states. Each state has its own laws and penalties, ranging from misdemeanors to felonies, depending on the severity of the incident. Consulting local laws is essential for accurate information.
Question 3: How do personal injuries affect hit-and-run penalties?
Personal injuries significantly increase the severity of hit-and-run penalties. Incidents involving serious injuries or fatalities often lead to felony charges, substantial fines, lengthy prison sentences, and permanent license revocation.
Question 4: What role does property damage play in determining penalties?
The extent of property damage directly impacts penalties. Minor damage may result in fines and license suspension, while significant damage can elevate the offense to a felony, potentially leading to jail time and higher fines.
Question 5: How does legal representation affect hit-and-run cases?
Legal representation is crucial in hit-and-run cases. Attorneys can negotiate plea bargains, challenge evidence, protect legal rights, and present mitigating factors to potentially reduce penalties or achieve more favorable outcomes.
Question 6: What long-term financial consequences can result from a hit-and-run conviction?
Long-term financial consequences can include increased insurance premiums, difficulty securing affordable coverage, potential civil lawsuits from victims, and the financial burden of restitution payments, potentially impacting financial stability for years.
Addressing these common concerns provides a clearer picture of the legal and financial landscape surrounding hit-and-run incidents. Understanding the potential consequences emphasizes the importance of responsible behavior and adherence to traffic laws.
The next section provides further details on specific state laws and penalties related to hit-and-run offenses, offering a deeper understanding of the legal variations across jurisdictions.
Tips for Navigating Hit and Run Situations
The following tips offer guidance for navigating the aftermath of a traffic accident, emphasizing responsible actions and legal obligations.
Tip 1: Remain at the Scene
Never leave the scene of an accident, regardless of perceived fault or severity. Leaving the scene can transform a minor traffic incident into a serious criminal offense with severe consequences.
Tip 2: Prioritize Safety
Ensure the safety of all involved. Move vehicles to a safe location if possible, activate hazard lights, and use flares or warning triangles to alert other drivers. Check for injuries and administer first aid if qualified. Call emergency services if necessary.
Tip 3: Exchange Information
Exchange contact, insurance, and vehicle information with all involved parties. Obtain witness contact information if possible. Document the scene with photographs and detailed notes.
Tip 4: Contact Law Enforcement
Report the accident to law enforcement, even if seemingly minor. A police report provides an official record of the incident and facilitates insurance claims. Cooperate fully with law enforcement investigations.
Tip 5: Seek Legal Counsel
Consult with an attorney experienced in traffic accidents, especially if injuries or significant property damage are involved. Legal counsel can provide guidance on legal rights, responsibilities, and potential legal strategies.
Tip 6: Preserve Evidence
Preserve all evidence related to the accident, including photographs, videos, witness statements, and medical records. This documentation is crucial for insurance claims and potential legal proceedings.
Tip 7: Avoid Admitting Fault
Refrain from admitting fault at the scene. Determining fault is a complex process involving insurance companies and legal professionals. Focus on exchanging information and cooperating with authorities.
Tip 8: Be Honest and Cooperative
Provide accurate and complete information to law enforcement and insurance companies. Honesty and cooperation facilitate a smoother process and can positively influence the outcome of the case.
Following these tips helps ensure responsible actions, protects legal rights, and mitigates potential consequences. Understanding these guidelines contributes to safer roads and responsible driving behavior.
The subsequent conclusion summarizes key takeaways and reinforces the importance of responsible actions in traffic accident situations.
Conclusion
Determining the cost of a hit-and-run incident involves far more than calculating the initial fine. This exploration reveals the multifaceted financial and legal ramifications, encompassing fines, court fees, restitution, increased insurance premiums, and potential legal representation expenses. The severity of the incident, including property damage and personal injuries, significantly influences these costs, with penalties escalating dramatically in cases involving serious harm. State laws play a pivotal role, defining specific offenses and associated penalties, resulting in considerable variation across jurisdictions. Prior convictions further amplify consequences, demonstrating a pattern of irresponsible behavior and leading to harsher penalties. Securing competent legal representation proves essential for navigating these complexities, potentially mitigating penalties and protecting legal rights, though adding to the overall financial burden.
Ultimately, the true cost of a hit-and-run extends beyond immediate financial penalties, impacting long-term financial stability, driving records, and peace of mind. Responsible driving practices, adherence to traffic laws, and remaining at the scene of an accident represent crucial steps in mitigating these potentially devastating consequences. Understanding the full scope of these ramifications underscores the importance of prioritizing safety, accountability, and responsible behavior on the road. This awareness fosters a safer driving environment for all, reducing the incidence and impact of hit-and-run incidents.
